Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Mansa District

Victim Demographics

Gender

98.9% Male 92

1.1% Female 1

Marital status

48.4% Not married 45

51.6% Married 48

If married, did the victim have children?

43.0% Yes 40

7.5% No 7

Total children surviving victims: 113

Religion

96.8% Sikh 90

3.2% Non-Sikh 3

Caste

61.3% Jat 57

37.6% Non-Jat 35

Age

6.5% 0-17 6

69.9% 18-33 65

18.3% 34-49 17

3.2% 50-64 3

2.2% 65+ 2

Education

46.2% No education 43

21.5% Primary school 20

10.8% Middle school 10

17.2% High school 16

2.2% Some college 2

1.1% Graduate degree 1

Employment

50.5% Farmer/agriculture 47

20.4% Day labourer 19

3.2% Driver (bus/truck/car) 3

3.2% Student 3

2.2% Shopkeeper 2

1.1% Mechanic 1

1.1% Housewife 1

25.8% Other 24

Urban / Rural

90.3% Rural 84

9.7% Urban 9

Abduction, Detention, & Torture

Prior detentions

58.1% Yes 54

40.9% No 38

Prior torture

44.1% Yes 41

14.0% No 13

Abduction preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

88.2% Yes 82

10.8% No 10

Security officials informed witnesses where they were taking the victim

15.2% Yes 10

84.8% No 56

Witnesses to abduction

71.0% Yes 66

5.4% No 5

Victim abduction location

23.7% Victim’s residence 22

12.9% Friend/relative's residence 12

10.8% Roadside 10

10.8% Village fields 10

5.4% Bus station/stand 5

4.3% Police station 4

3.2% Shop/market 3

1.1% Checkpoint (naka) 1

1.1% Village drain 1

12.9% Other 12

Detention facility type

Data forthcoming

Preceding detention location known

45.2% Yes 42

43.0% No 40

Witnesses to detention preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

Data forthcoming

Security official response to victim status

26.9% Denied involvement 25

18.3% Gave no response 17

14.0% Told family to go to another police station 13

5.4% Other 5

3.2% Admitted extrajudicial execution with no explanation 3

2.2% Killed victim in an “encounter” 2

2.2% Victim had escaped 2

2.2% Victim killed while trying to escape 2

1.1% Victim killed by militants 1

1.1% Victim accidentally killed in custody 1

Victim presented before judge/magistrate

4.3% Yes 4

78.5% No 73

Enforced Disappearances vs. Extrajudicial Executions

Classification

65.6% Extrajudicial executions 61

34.4% Enforced disappearances 32

Number of victims per family

78.5% 1 victim 73

14.0% 2 victim 13

3.2% 3 victim 3

4.3% 5 victim 4

Related incidents

8.6% Genuine encounters in family 8

89.2% No genuine encounters in family 83

Body Disposal

Security forces returned body

7.5% Yes 7

0.0% Yes, but forced immediate cremation 0

58.1% No 54

Body disposal by security forces

15.1% Cremated the body 14

4.3% Dumped body in canal or river 4

Condition of corpse, if known

4.3% Other 4

3.2% Bullet wounds 3

3.2% Broken bones 3

1.1% Bruises 1

1.1% Cuts/wounds 1

1.1% Burn marks 1

Security Forces Implicated

Names of involved security officials known

61.3% Yes 57

21.5% No 20

Security forces uniformed

81.8% Yes 54

15.2% No 10

Type(s) of security forces involved in abduction

80.6% Punjab Police 75

7.5% Criminal Investigation Agency 7

5.4% CRPF 5

3.2% Other 3

1.1% BSF 1

1.1% Cat 1

Type(s) of security forces involved in extrajudicial execution

60.2% Punjab police 56

3.2% Criminal Investigation Agency 3

2.2% CRPF 2

2.2% Other 2

1.1% Army 1

Militancy Involvement

Militant status

35.5% Militant 33

63.4% Non-militant 59

Non-militant, provided support to militants

19.4% Yes 18

38.7% No 36

If provided support, support was voluntary

12.9% Yes 12

2.2% No 2

Remedies & Impact

Approached court or commission

29.0% Yes 27

71.0% No 66

Approached security officials

49.5% Yes 46

50.5% No 47

Reason the family did not pursue any kind of action

55.9% Afraid of retaliation 52

52.7% Didn’t know what to do 49

23.7% Couldn’t afford 22

17.2% Believed it would have been ineffective 16

10.8% Not applicable 10

1.1% Other 1

Remedies desired from government

74.2% Truth commission 69

65.6% Monetary compensation to family 61

57.0% Employment 53

51.6% Investigations into abuses 48

24.7% Criminal sanctions against those responsible 23

18.3% Public acknowledgement of wrongful deaths 17

15.1% Memorial for victims 14

12.9% Rehabilitation services to family members 12

1.1% Other 1

Year & District

District

100.0% Mansa 93

Year

0.0% 1981 0

0.0% 1982 0

0.0% 1983 0

0.0% 1984 0

0.0% 1985 0

0.0% 1986 0

0.0% 1987 0

1.1% 1988 1

0.0% 1989 0

1.1% 1990 1

28.0% 1991 26

29.0% 1992 27

17.2% 1993 16

4.3% 1994 4

0.0% 1995 0

0.0% 1996 0

0.0% 1997 0

1.1% 1998 1

1.1% 1999 1

0.0% 2000 0

0.0% 2001 0

0.0% 2002 0

0.0% 2003 0

0.0% 2004 0

0.0% 2005 0

0.0% 2006 0

0.0% 2007 0

0.0% 2012 0

17.2% Year Unknown 16