Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Mansa District

Victim Demographics

Gender

98.9% Male 91

1.1% Female 1

Marital status

48.9% Not married 45

51.1% Married 47

If married, did the victim have children?

43.5% Yes 40

7.6% No 7

Total children surviving victims: 113

Religion

96.7% Sikh 89

3.3% Non-Sikh 3

Caste

62.0% Jat 57

38.0% Non-Jat 35

Age

6.5% 0-17 6

69.6% 18-33 64

18.5% 34-49 17

3.3% 50-64 3

2.2% 65+ 2

Education

46.7% No education 43

21.7% Primary school 20

10.9% Middle school 10

17.4% High school 16

2.2% Some college 2

1.1% Graduate degree 1

Employment

51.1% Farmer/agriculture 47

20.7% Day labourer 19

3.3% Driver (bus/truck/car) 3

3.3% Student 3

2.2% Shopkeeper 2

1.1% Mechanic 1

1.1% Housewife 1

25.0% Other 23

Urban / Rural

90.2% Rural 83

9.8% Urban 9

Abduction, Detention, & Torture

Prior detentions

58.7% Yes 54

41.3% No 38

Prior torture

44.6% Yes 41

14.1% No 13

Abduction preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

88.0% Yes 81

10.9% No 10

Security officials informed witnesses where they were taking the victim

15.2% Yes 10

84.8% No 56

Witnesses to abduction

71.7% Yes 66

5.4% No 5

Victim abduction location

23.9% Victim’s residence 22

13.0% Friend/relative's residence 12

10.9% Roadside 10

10.9% Village fields 10

5.4% Bus station/stand 5

4.3% Police station 4

3.3% Shop/market 3

1.1% Checkpoint (naka) 1

1.1% Village drain 1

12.0% Other 11

Detention facility type

Data forthcoming

Preceding detention location known

44.6% Yes 41

43.5% No 40

Witnesses to detention preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

Data forthcoming

Security official response to victim status

26.1% Denied involvement 24

18.5% Gave no response 17

14.1% Told family to go to another police station 13

5.4% Other 5

3.3% Admitted extrajudicial execution with no explanation 3

2.2% Killed victim in an “encounter” 2

2.2% Victim had escaped 2

1.1% Victim killed while trying to escape 1

1.1% Victim killed by militants 1

1.1% Victim accidentally killed in custody 1

Victim presented before judge/magistrate

4.3% Yes 4

78.3% No 72

Enforced Disappearances vs. Extrajudicial Executions

Classification

65.2% Extrajudicial executions 60

34.8% Enforced disappearances 32

Number of victims per family

78.3% 1 victim 72

14.1% 2 victim 13

3.3% 3 victim 3

4.3% 5 victim 4

Related incidents

8.7% Genuine encounters in family 8

90.2% No genuine encounters in family 83

Body Disposal

Body disposal by security forces

15.2% Cremated the body 14

4.3% Dumped body in canal or river 4

Security forces returned body

7.6% Yes 7

0.0% Yes, but forced immediate cremation 0

57.6% No 53

Condition of corpse, if known

4.3% Other 4

3.3% Bullet wounds 3

3.3% Broken bones 3

1.1% Bruises 1

1.1% Cuts/wounds 1

1.1% Burn marks 1

Security Forces Implicated

Names of involved security officials known

62.0% Yes 57

20.7% No 19

Security forces uniformed

81.8% Yes 54

15.2% No 10

Type(s) of security forces involved in abduction

80.4% Punjab Police 74

7.6% Criminal Investigation Agency 7

5.4% CRPF 5

3.3% Other 3

1.1% BSF 1

1.1% Black cat 1

Type(s) of security forces involved in extrajudicial execution

60.9% Punjab police 56

3.3% Criminal Investigation Agency 3

2.2% CRPF 2

2.2% Other 2

1.1% Army 1

Militancy Involvement

Combatant status

35.9% Combatant 33

64.1% Non-combatant 59

Non-combatant, provided support to militants

19.6% Yes 18

39.1% No 36

If provided support, support was voluntary

13.0% Yes 12

2.2% No 2

Remedies & Impact

Approached court or commission

28.3% Yes 26

71.7% No 66

Approached security officials

48.9% Yes 45

51.1% No 47

Reason the family did not pursue any kind of action

56.5% Afraid of retaliation 52

53.3% Didn’t know what to do 49

23.9% Couldn’t afford 22

17.4% Believed it would have been ineffective 16

10.9% Not applicable 10

1.1% Other 1

Remedies desired from government

75.0% Truth commission 69

66.3% Monetary compensation to family 61

57.6% Employment 53

52.2% Investigations into abuses 48

25.0% Criminal sanctions against those responsible 23

18.5% Public acknowledgement of wrongful deaths 17

15.2% Memorial for victims 14

13.0% Rehabilitation services to family members 12

1.1% Other 1

Year & District

District

100.0% Mansa 92

Year

0.0% 1981 0

0.0% 1982 0

0.0% 1983 0

0.0% 1984 0

0.0% 1985 0

0.0% 1986 0

0.0% 1987 0

1.1% 1988 1

0.0% 1989 0

1.1% 1990 1

28.3% 1991 26

29.3% 1992 27

16.3% 1993 15

4.3% 1994 4

0.0% 1995 0

0.0% 1996 0

0.0% 1997 0

1.1% 1998 1

1.1% 1999 1

0.0% 2000 0

0.0% 2001 0

0.0% 2002 0

0.0% 2003 0

0.0% 2004 0

0.0% 2005 0

0.0% 2006 0

0.0% 2007 0

0.0% 2012 0

17.4% Date Unknown 16