Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Bathinda District

Victim Demographics

Gender

99.3% Male 139

0.7% Female 1

Marital status

58.6% Not married 82

41.4% Married 58

If married, did the victim have children?

32.9% Yes 46

5.7% No 8

Total children surviving victims: 122

Religion

96.4% Sikh 135

3.6% Non-Sikh 5

Caste

59.3% Jat 83

40.7% Non-Jat 57

Age

7.9% 0-17 11

73.6% 18-33 103

12.9% 34-49 18

2.9% 50-64 4

2.1% 65+ 3

0.7% Age unknown 1

Education

25.0% No education 35

17.9% Primary school 25

10.7% Middle school 15

34.3% High school 48

4.3% Some college 6

2.9% College degree 4

1.4% Graduate degree 2

2.9% Vocational degree 4

Employment

41.4% Farmer/agriculture 58

12.9% Day labourer 18

9.3% Student 13

5.7% Unemployed 8

4.3% Shopkeeper 6

4.3% Driver (bus/truck/car) 6

0.7% Mechanic 1

0.7% Housewife 1

26.4% Other 37

Urban / Rural

88.6% Rural 124

11.4% Urban 16

Abduction, Detention, & Torture

Prior detentions

52.9% Yes 74

47.1% No 66

Prior torture

33.6% Yes 47

19.3% No 27

Abduction preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

80.7% Yes 113

12.9% No 18

Security officials informed witnesses where they were taking the victim

19.2% Yes 19

72.7% No 72

Witnesses to abduction

70.7% Yes 99

3.6% No 5

Victim abduction location

26.4% Victim’s residence 37

10.7% Friend/relative's residence 15

8.6% Roadside 12

7.9% Village fields 11

4.3% Bus station/stand 6

4.3% Police station 6

2.1% Shop/market 3

1.4% Checkpoint (naka) 2

0.7% Village drain 1

9.3% Other 13

Detention facility type

Data forthcoming

Preceding detention location known

39.3% Yes 55

41.4% No 58

Witnesses to detention preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

Data forthcoming

Security official response to victim status

20.0% Gave no response 28

17.1% Told family to go to another police station 24

5.7% Admitted extrajudicial execution with no explanation 8

3.6% Other 5

2.9% Killed victim in an “encounter” 4

2.9% Victim had escaped 4

2.1% Denied involvement 3

1.4% Admitted custody only 2

0.7% Victim killed while trying to escape 1

0.7% Victim accidentally killed in custody 1

Victim presented before judge/magistrate

3.6% Yes 5

60.0% No 84

Enforced Disappearances vs. Extrajudicial Executions

Classification

64.3% Extrajudicial executions 90

35.7% Enforced disappearances 50

Number of victims per family

80.7% 1 victim 113

14.3% 2 victim 20

2.9% 3 victim 4

2.1% 4 victim 3

Related incidents

5.0% Genuine encounters in family 7

95.0% No genuine encounters in family 133

Body Disposal

Body disposal by security forces

15.7% Cremated the body 22

0.7% Dumped body in canal or river 1

Security forces returned body

6.4% Yes 9

1.4% Yes, but forced immediate cremation 2

56.4% No 79

Condition of corpse, if known

5.7% Bullet wounds 8

3.6% Other 5

1.4% Missing fingernails 2

0.7% Bruises 1

0.7% Cuts/wounds 1

0.7% Missing hair from head or face 1

Security Forces Implicated

Names of involved security officials known

44.3% Yes 62

20.7% No 29

Security forces uniformed

79.8% Yes 79

9.1% No 9

Type(s) of security forces involved in abduction

77.1% Punjab Police 108

5.7% CRPF 8

4.3% Criminal Investigation Agency 6

2.9% Other 4

1.4% Black cat 2

0.7% BSF 1

0.7% Army 1

Type(s) of security forces involved in extrajudicial execution

63.6% Punjab police 89

2.9% Criminal Investigation Agency 4

2.1% CRPF 3

2.1% Black cat 3

0.7% Army 1

Militancy Involvement

Combatant status

27.9% Combatant 39

71.4% Non-combatant 100

Non-combatant, provided support to militants

12.9% Yes 18

52.9% No 74

If provided support, support was voluntary

11.4% Yes 16

1.4% No 2

Remedies & Impact

Approached court or commission

19.3% Yes 27

80.7% No 113

Approached security officials

52.9% Yes 74

47.1% No 66

Reason the family did not pursue any kind of action

63.6% Afraid of retaliation 89

32.9% Didn’t know what to do 46

31.4% Couldn’t afford 44

20.7% Believed it would have been ineffective 29

1.4% Other 2

0.7% Not applicable 1

Remedies desired from government

89.3% Truth commission 125

65.0% Investigations into abuses 91

58.6% Employment 82

55.0% Monetary compensation to family 77

32.9% Public acknowledgement of wrongful deaths 46

32.9% Criminal sanctions against those responsible 46

20.7% Rehabilitation services to family members 29

9.3% Memorial for victims 13

2.9% Desire nothing from government 4

Year & District

District

100.0% Bathinda 140

Year

0.0% 1981 0

0.0% 1982 0

0.0% 1983 0

0.0% 1984 0

0.7% 1985 1

0.7% 1986 1

1.4% 1987 2

1.4% 1988 2

2.1% 1989 3

6.4% 1990 9

22.1% 1991 31

30.0% 1992 42

15.0% 1993 21

0.7% 1994 1

0.7% 1995 1

0.7% 1996 1

0.0% 1997 0

0.0% 1998 0

0.0% 1999 0

0.0% 2000 0

0.0% 2001 0

0.0% 2002 0

0.0% 2003 0

0.0% 2004 0

0.7% 2005 1

0.0% 2006 0

0.0% 2007 0

0.0% 2012 0

17.1% Date Unknown 24