Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Bathinda District

Victim Demographics

Gender

99.3% Male 141

0.7% Female 1

Marital status

57.7% Not married 82

41.5% Married 59

If married, did the victim have children?

33.1% Yes 47

5.6% No 8

Total children surviving victims: 123

Religion

96.5% Sikh 137

3.5% Non-Sikh 5

Caste

58.5% Jat 83

40.1% Non-Jat 57

Age

7.7% 0-17 11

73.9% 18-33 105

12.7% 34-49 18

2.8% 50-64 4

2.1% 65+ 3

0.7% Age unknown 1

Education

24.6% No education 35

17.6% Primary school 25

10.6% Middle school 15

34.5% High school 49

4.2% Some college 6

2.8% College degree 4

1.4% Graduate degree 2

2.8% Vocational degree 4

Employment

41.5% Farmer/agriculture 59

12.7% Day labourer 18

9.2% Student 13

5.6% Unemployed 8

4.9% Driver (bus/truck/car) 7

4.2% Shopkeeper 6

0.7% Mechanic 1

0.7% Housewife 1

26.8% Other 38

Urban / Rural

87.3% Rural 124

12.7% Urban 18

Abduction, Detention, & Torture

Prior detentions

52.1% Yes 74

46.5% No 66

Prior torture

33.1% Yes 47

19.0% No 27

Abduction preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

81.0% Yes 115

12.7% No 18

Security officials informed witnesses where they were taking the victim

18.6% Yes 19

71.6% No 73

Witnesses to abduction

71.8% Yes 102

3.5% No 5

Victim abduction location

26.1% Victim’s residence 37

11.3% Friend/relative's residence 16

8.5% Roadside 12

7.7% Village fields 11

4.9% Bus station/stand 7

4.2% Police station 6

2.1% Shop/market 3

1.4% Checkpoint (naka) 2

0.7% Village drain 1

9.2% Other 13

Detention facility type

Data forthcoming

Preceding detention location known

38.7% Yes 55

42.3% No 60

Witnesses to detention preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

Data forthcoming

Security official response to victim status

19.7% Gave no response 28

16.9% Told family to go to another police station 24

5.6% Admitted extrajudicial execution with no explanation 8

4.2% Other 6

3.5% Victim had escaped 5

2.8% Killed victim in an “encounter” 4

2.8% Denied involvement 4

1.4% Admitted custody only 2

0.7% Victim killed while trying to escape 1

0.7% Victim accidentally killed in custody 1

Victim presented before judge/magistrate

4.2% Yes 6

59.9% No 85

Enforced Disappearances vs. Extrajudicial Executions

Classification

63.4% Extrajudicial executions 90

36.6% Enforced disappearances 52

Number of victims per family

81.0% 1 victim 115

14.1% 2 victim 20

2.8% 3 victim 4

2.1% 4 victim 3

Related incidents

4.9% Genuine encounters in family 7

93.7% No genuine encounters in family 133

Body Disposal

Security forces returned body

6.3% Yes 9

1.4% Yes, but forced immediate cremation 2

55.6% No 79

Body disposal by security forces

15.5% Cremated the body 22

0.7% Dumped body in canal or river 1

Condition of corpse, if known

5.6% Bullet wounds 8

3.5% Other 5

1.4% Missing fingernails 2

0.7% Bruises 1

0.7% Cuts/wounds 1

0.7% Missing hair from head or face 1

Security Forces Implicated

Names of involved security officials known

45.1% Yes 64

20.4% No 29

Security forces uniformed

77.5% Yes 79

8.8% No 9

Type(s) of security forces involved in abduction

77.5% Punjab Police 110

5.6% CRPF 8

4.2% Criminal Investigation Agency 6

2.8% Other 4

1.4% Cat 2

0.7% BSF 1

0.7% Army 1

Type(s) of security forces involved in extrajudicial execution

62.7% Punjab police 89

2.8% Criminal Investigation Agency 4

2.1% CRPF 3

2.1% Cat 3

0.7% Army 1

Militancy Involvement

Militant status

27.5% Militant 39

70.4% Non-militant 100

Non-militant, provided support to militants

12.7% Yes 18

52.1% No 74

If provided support, support was voluntary

11.3% Yes 16

1.4% No 2

Remedies & Impact

Approached court or commission

20.4% Yes 29

79.6% No 113

Approached security officials

53.5% Yes 76

46.5% No 66

Reason the family did not pursue any kind of action

62.7% Afraid of retaliation 89

32.4% Didn’t know what to do 46

31.0% Couldn’t afford 44

20.4% Believed it would have been ineffective 29

1.4% Other 2

0.7% Not applicable 1

Remedies desired from government

88.0% Truth commission 125

64.1% Investigations into abuses 91

57.7% Employment 82

54.2% Monetary compensation to family 77

32.4% Public acknowledgement of wrongful deaths 46

32.4% Criminal sanctions against those responsible 46

20.4% Rehabilitation services to family members 29

9.2% Memorial for victims 13

2.8% Desire nothing from government 4

Year & District

District

100.0% Bathinda 142

Year

0.0% 1981 0

0.0% 1982 0

0.0% 1983 0

0.0% 1984 0

0.7% 1985 1

0.7% 1986 1

1.4% 1987 2

1.4% 1988 2

2.1% 1989 3

6.3% 1990 9

23.2% 1991 33

29.6% 1992 42

14.8% 1993 21

0.7% 1994 1

0.7% 1995 1

0.7% 1996 1

0.0% 1997 0

0.0% 1998 0

0.0% 1999 0

0.0% 2000 0

0.0% 2001 0

0.0% 2002 0

0.0% 2003 0

0.0% 2004 0

0.7% 2005 1

0.0% 2006 0

0.0% 2007 0

0.0% 2012 0

16.9% Year Unknown 24