Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Patiala District

Victim Demographics

Gender

93.8% Male 106

6.2% Female 7

Marital status

40.7% Not married 46

58.4% Married 66

If married, did the victim have children?

50.4% Yes 57

7.1% No 8

Total children surviving victims: 158

Religion

100.0% Sikh 113

Caste

66.4% Jat 75

32.7% Non-Jat 37

Age

8.0% 0-17 9

68.1% 18-33 77

13.3% 34-49 15

8.0% 50-64 9

1.8% 65+ 2

0.9% Age unknown 1

Education

23.0% No education 26

9.7% Primary school 11

15.0% Middle school 17

36.3% High school 41

2.7% Some college 3

7.1% College degree 8

2.7% Graduate degree 3

2.7% Vocational degree 3

Employment

35.4% Farmer/agriculture 40

14.2% Student 16

10.6% Day labourer 12

6.2% Driver (bus/truck/car) 7

5.3% Housewife 6

2.7% Unemployed 3

1.8% Shopkeeper 2

0.9% Mechanic 1

0.9% Carpenter 1

27.4% Other 31

Urban / Rural

82.3% Rural 93

17.7% Urban 20

Abduction, Detention, & Torture

Prior detentions

54.0% Yes 61

44.2% No 50

Prior torture

48.7% Yes 55

5.3% No 6

Abduction preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

78.8% Yes 89

18.6% No 21

Security officials informed witnesses where they were taking the victim

13.3% Yes 8

70.0% No 42

Witnesses to abduction

53.1% Yes 60

8.0% No 9

Victim abduction location

16.8% Victim’s residence 19

15.0% Roadside 17

5.3% Friend/relative's residence 6

5.3% Village fields 6

5.3% Police station 6

4.4% Shop/market 5

3.5% Bus station/stand 4

1.8% Checkpoint (naka) 2

12.4% Other 14

Detention facility type

Data forthcoming

Preceding detention location known

41.6% Yes 47

37.2% No 42

Witnesses to detention preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

Data forthcoming

Security official response to victim status

19.5% Denied involvement 22

14.2% Gave no response 16

10.6% Told family to go to another police station 12

7.1% Other 8

5.3% Victim had escaped 6

4.4% Killed victim in an “encounter” 5

1.8% Admitted extrajudicial execution with no explanation 2

0.9% Admitted custody only 1

0.9% Victim killed by militants 1

Victim presented before judge/magistrate

7.1% Yes 8

66.4% No 75

Enforced Disappearances vs. Extrajudicial Executions

Classification

69.0% Extrajudicial executions 78

31.0% Enforced disappearances 35

Number of victims per family

74.3% 1 victim 84

14.2% 2 victim 16

5.3% 3 victim 6

6.2% 4 victim 7

Related incidents

3.5% Genuine encounters in family 4

94.7% No genuine encounters in family 107

Body Disposal

Security forces returned body

21.2% Yes 24

4.4% Yes, but forced immediate cremation 5

42.5% No 48

Body disposal by security forces

11.5% Cremated the body 13

1.8% Dumped body in canal or river 2

0.9% Buried the body 1

Condition of corpse, if known

15.0% Bullet wounds 17

5.3% Bruises 6

5.3% Cuts/wounds 6

5.3% Other 6

3.5% Burn marks 4

1.8% Missing fingernails 2

0.9% Broken bones 1

0.9% Missing hair from head or face 1

Security Forces Implicated

Names of involved security officials known

49.6% Yes 56

22.1% No 25

Security forces uniformed

76.7% Yes 46

20.0% No 12

Type(s) of security forces involved in abduction

65.5% Punjab Police 74

9.7% Criminal Investigation Agency 11

3.5% Other 4

1.8% CRPF 2

0.9% Cat 1

Type(s) of security forces involved in extrajudicial execution

56.6% Punjab police 64

8.0% Criminal Investigation Agency 9

2.7% Army 3

1.8% CRPF 2

0.9% Cat 1

0.9% Other 1

Militancy Involvement

Militant status

35.4% Militant 40

57.5% Non-militant 65

Non-militant, provided support to militants

11.5% Yes 13

45.1% No 51

If provided support, support was voluntary

7.1% Yes 8

4.4% No 5

Remedies & Impact

Approached court or commission

23.0% Yes 26

77.0% No 87

Approached security officials

48.7% Yes 55

51.3% No 58

Reason the family did not pursue any kind of action

71.7% Afraid of retaliation 81

26.5% Couldn’t afford 30

20.4% Didn’t know what to do 23

7.1% Believed it would have been ineffective 8

3.5% Not applicable 4

0.9% Other 1

Remedies desired from government

74.3% Truth commission 84

71.7% Monetary compensation to family 81

69.9% Employment 79

54.0% Criminal sanctions against those responsible 61

43.4% Investigations into abuses 49

24.8% Public acknowledgement of wrongful deaths 28

23.9% Memorial for victims 27

15.9% Rehabilitation services to family members 18

4.4% Desire nothing from government 5

Year & District

District

100.0% Patiala 113

Year

0.0% 1981 0

0.0% 1982 0

3.5% 1983 4

1.8% 1984 2

0.0% 1985 0

0.9% 1986 1

1.8% 1987 2

3.5% 1988 4

1.8% 1989 2

9.7% 1990 11

20.4% 1991 23

21.2% 1992 24

20.4% 1993 23

4.4% 1994 5

1.8% 1995 2

0.0% 1996 0

0.0% 1997 0

0.0% 1998 0

0.0% 1999 0

0.0% 2000 0

0.0% 2001 0

0.0% 2002 0

0.0% 2003 0

0.0% 2004 0

0.0% 2005 0

0.0% 2006 0

0.0% 2007 0

0.0% 2012 0

8.8% Year Unknown 10