Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Patiala District

Victim Demographics

Gender

93.8% Male 105

6.2% Female 7

Marital status

41.1% Not married 46

58.9% Married 66

If married, did the victim have children?

50.9% Yes 57

7.1% No 8

Total children surviving victims: 158

Religion

100.0% Sikh 112

Caste

67.0% Jat 75

33.0% Non-Jat 37

Age

8.0% 0-17 9

68.8% 18-33 77

13.4% 34-49 15

8.0% 50-64 9

1.8% 65+ 2

Education

23.2% No education 26

9.8% Primary school 11

15.2% Middle school 17

36.6% High school 41

2.7% Some college 3

7.1% College degree 8

1.8% Graduate degree 2

2.7% Vocational degree 3

Employment

35.7% Farmer/agriculture 40

13.4% Student 15

10.7% Day labourer 12

6.2% Driver (bus/truck/car) 7

5.4% Housewife 6

2.7% Unemployed 3

1.8% Shopkeeper 2

0.9% Mechanic 1

0.9% Carpenter 1

27.7% Other 31

Urban / Rural

82.1% Rural 92

17.9% Urban 20

Abduction, Detention, & Torture

Prior detentions

54.5% Yes 61

44.6% No 50

Prior torture

49.1% Yes 55

5.4% No 6

Abduction preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

78.6% Yes 88

18.8% No 21

Security officials informed witnesses where they were taking the victim

13.6% Yes 8

69.5% No 41

Witnesses to abduction

52.7% Yes 59

8.0% No 9

Victim abduction location

17.0% Victim’s residence 19

15.2% Roadside 17

5.4% Friend/relative's residence 6

5.4% Village fields 6

5.4% Police station 6

4.5% Shop/market 5

3.6% Bus station/stand 4

1.8% Checkpoint (naka) 2

11.6% Other 13

Detention facility type

Data forthcoming

Preceding detention location known

42.0% Yes 47

36.6% No 41

Witnesses to detention preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

Data forthcoming

Security official response to victim status

19.6% Denied involvement 22

14.3% Gave no response 16

10.7% Told family to go to another police station 12

7.1% Other 8

4.5% Victim had escaped 5

3.6% Killed victim in an “encounter” 4

1.8% Admitted extrajudicial execution with no explanation 2

0.9% Admitted custody only 1

0.9% Victim killed by militants 1

Victim presented before judge/magistrate

6.2% Yes 7

67.0% No 75

Enforced Disappearances vs. Extrajudicial Executions

Classification

68.8% Extrajudicial executions 77

31.2% Enforced disappearances 35

Number of victims per family

74.1% 1 victim 83

14.3% 2 victim 16

5.4% 3 victim 6

6.2% 4 victim 7

Related incidents

3.6% Genuine encounters in family 4

95.5% No genuine encounters in family 107

Body Disposal

Body disposal by security forces

11.6% Cremated the body 13

1.8% Dumped body in canal or river 2

0.9% Buried the body 1

Security forces returned body

21.4% Yes 24

4.5% Yes, but forced immediate cremation 5

42.9% No 48

Condition of corpse, if known

15.2% Bullet wounds 17

5.4% Bruises 6

5.4% Cuts/wounds 6

5.4% Other 6

3.6% Burn marks 4

1.8% Missing fingernails 2

0.9% Broken bones 1

0.9% Missing hair from head or face 1

Security Forces Implicated

Names of involved security officials known

49.1% Yes 55

22.3% No 25

Security forces uniformed

78.0% Yes 46

20.3% No 12

Type(s) of security forces involved in abduction

65.2% Punjab Police 73

9.8% Criminal Investigation Agency 11

3.6% Other 4

1.8% CRPF 2

0.9% Black cat 1

Type(s) of security forces involved in extrajudicial execution

56.2% Punjab police 63

8.0% Criminal Investigation Agency 9

2.7% Army 3

1.8% CRPF 2

0.9% Black cat 1

0.9% Other 1

Militancy Involvement

Combatant status

35.7% Combatant 40

58.0% Non-combatant 65

Non-combatant, provided support to militants

11.6% Yes 13

45.5% No 51

If provided support, support was voluntary

7.1% Yes 8

4.5% No 5

Remedies & Impact

Approached court or commission

22.3% Yes 25

77.7% No 87

Approached security officials

48.2% Yes 54

51.8% No 58

Reason the family did not pursue any kind of action

72.3% Afraid of retaliation 81

26.8% Couldn’t afford 30

20.5% Didn’t know what to do 23

7.1% Believed it would have been ineffective 8

3.6% Not applicable 4

0.9% Other 1

Remedies desired from government

75.0% Truth commission 84

72.3% Monetary compensation to family 81

70.5% Employment 79

54.5% Criminal sanctions against those responsible 61

43.8% Investigations into abuses 49

25.0% Public acknowledgement of wrongful deaths 28

24.1% Memorial for victims 27

16.1% Rehabilitation services to family members 18

4.5% Desire nothing from government 5

Year & District

District

100.0% Patiala 112

Year

0.0% 1981 0

0.0% 1982 0

3.6% 1983 4

1.8% 1984 2

0.0% 1985 0

0.9% 1986 1

1.8% 1987 2

3.6% 1988 4

1.8% 1989 2

9.8% 1990 11

20.5% 1991 23

21.4% 1992 24

19.6% 1993 22

4.5% 1994 5

1.8% 1995 2

0.0% 1996 0

0.0% 1997 0

0.0% 1998 0

0.0% 1999 0

0.0% 2000 0

0.0% 2001 0

0.0% 2002 0

0.0% 2003 0

0.0% 2004 0

0.0% 2005 0

0.0% 2006 0

0.0% 2007 0

0.0% 2012 0

8.9% Date Unknown 10