Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Jalandhar District

Victim Demographics

Gender

96.9% Male 158

3.1% Female 5

Marital status

64.4% Not married 105

35.0% Married 57

If married, did the victim have children?

31.9% Yes 52

1.8% No 3

Total children surviving victims: 128

Religion

95.7% Sikh 156

4.3% Non-Sikh 7

Caste

68.7% Jat 112

30.7% Non-Jat 50

Age

6.1% 0-17 10

79.8% 18-33 130

9.8% 34-49 16

3.1% 50-64 5

1.2% 65+ 2

Education

12.3% No education 20

12.3% Primary school 20

19.6% Middle school 32

37.4% High school 61

3.1% Some college 5

7.4% College degree 12

4.3% Graduate degree 7

3.1% Vocational degree 5

Employment

30.7% Farmer/agriculture 50

22.7% Student 37

10.4% Day labourer 17

6.7% Mechanic 11

6.1% Shopkeeper 10

4.9% Driver (bus/truck/car) 8

3.7% Unemployed 6

1.8% Carpenter 3

0.6% Housewife 1

22.7% Other 37

Urban / Rural

83.4% Rural 136

16.6% Urban 27

Abduction, Detention, & Torture

Prior detentions

54.0% Yes 88

45.4% No 74

Prior torture

41.1% Yes 67

12.9% No 21

Abduction preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

80.4% Yes 131

17.8% No 29

Security officials informed witnesses where they were taking the victim

12.0% Yes 10

92.8% No 77

Witnesses to abduction

50.9% Yes 83

16.6% No 27

Victim abduction location

14.7% Roadside 24

13.5% Victim’s residence 22

11.7% Friend/relative's residence 19

4.9% Village fields 8

4.3% Shop/market 7

3.7% Police station 6

3.1% Checkpoint (naka) 5

2.5% Bus station/stand 4

13.5% Other 22

Detention facility type

Data forthcoming

Preceding detention location known

44.2% Yes 72

35.6% No 58

Witnesses to detention preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

Data forthcoming

Security official response to victim status

14.1% Gave no response 23

11.7% Denied involvement 19

10.4% Other 17

5.5% Killed victim in an “encounter” 9

4.3% Told family to go to another police station 7

3.1% Admitted custody only 5

2.5% Victim had escaped 4

1.2% Admitted extrajudicial execution with no explanation 2

0.6% Victim accidentally killed in custody 1

Victim presented before judge/magistrate

3.7% Yes 6

60.7% No 99

Enforced Disappearances vs. Extrajudicial Executions

Classification

77.3% Extrajudicial executions 126

22.7% Enforced disappearances 37

Number of victims per family

87.7% 1 victim 143

9.8% 2 victim 16

2.5% 3 victim 4

Related incidents

1.2% Genuine encounters in family 2

97.5% No genuine encounters in family 159

Body Disposal

Security forces returned body

23.3% Yes 38

3.1% Yes, but forced immediate cremation 5

50.9% No 83

Body disposal by security forces

23.9% Cremated the body 39

Condition of corpse, if known

16.6% Bullet wounds 27

6.1% Bruises 10

5.5% Other 9

4.9% Broken bones 8

3.7% Cuts/wounds 6

3.1% Burn marks 5

2.5% Missing fingernails 4

1.8% Missing hair from head or face 3

Security Forces Implicated

Names of involved security officials known

49.7% Yes 81

27.0% No 44

Security forces uniformed

81.9% Yes 68

16.9% No 14

Type(s) of security forces involved in abduction

71.8% Punjab Police 117

7.4% CRPF 12

7.4% Criminal Investigation Agency 12

3.1% Cat 5

1.2% Other 2

0.6% BSF 1

0.6% Army 1

Type(s) of security forces involved in extrajudicial execution

66.9% Punjab police 109

9.8% CRPF 16

5.5% Criminal Investigation Agency 9

1.8% BSF 3

1.8% Cat 3

1.8% Other 3

1.2% Army 2

Militancy Involvement

Militant status

46.6% Militant 76

46.0% Non-militant 75

Non-militant, provided support to militants

10.4% Yes 17

35.0% No 57

If provided support, support was voluntary

9.2% Yes 15

1.2% No 2

Remedies & Impact

Approached court or commission

16.0% Yes 26

82.2% No 134

Approached security officials

42.9% Yes 70

54.6% No 89

Reason the family did not pursue any kind of action

49.7% Afraid of retaliation 81

26.4% Believed it would have been ineffective 43

23.9% Didn’t know what to do 39

20.9% Couldn’t afford 34

4.3% Not applicable 7

Remedies desired from government

66.3% Truth commission 108

58.9% Criminal sanctions against those responsible 96

51.5% Monetary compensation to family 84

48.5% Investigations into abuses 79

38.7% Public acknowledgement of wrongful deaths 63

38.7% Employment 63

24.5% Memorial for victims 40

15.3% Rehabilitation services to family members 25

9.8% Desire nothing from government 16

5.5% Other 9

Year & District

District

100.0% Jalandhar 163

Year

0.0% 1981 0

0.0% 1982 0

0.0% 1983 0

2.5% 1984 4

0.6% 1985 1

5.5% 1986 9

9.8% 1987 16

12.3% 1988 20

16.0% 1989 26

5.5% 1990 9

6.7% 1991 11

21.5% 1992 35

11.0% 1993 18

1.2% 1994 2

0.6% 1995 1

1.2% 1996 2

0.6% 1997 1

0.0% 1998 0

0.0% 1999 0

0.0% 2000 0

0.0% 2001 0

0.0% 2002 0

0.0% 2003 0

0.0% 2004 0

0.6% 2005 1

0.0% 2006 0

0.0% 2007 0

0.0% 2012 0

4.3% Year Unknown 7