Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Moga District

Victim Demographics

Gender

99.6% Male 249

0.4% Female 1

Marital status

59.6% Not married 149

40.4% Married 101

If married, did the victim have children?

32.8% Yes 82

6.8% No 17

Total children surviving victims: 208

Religion

99.2% Sikh 248

0.8% Non-Sikh 2

Caste

68.4% Jat 171

31.6% Non-Jat 79

Age

8.0% 0-17 20

70.8% 18-33 177

16.0% 34-49 40

4.4% 50-64 11

1.6% 65+ 4

Education

34.4% No education 86

26.0% Primary school 65

16.0% Middle school 40

17.6% High school 44

2.0% Some college 5

2.0% College degree 5

0.4% Graduate degree 1

1.6% Vocational degree 4

Employment

51.6% Farmer/agriculture 129

16.8% Day labourer 42

7.2% Student 18

5.2% Driver (bus/truck/car) 13

2.0% Shopkeeper 5

2.0% Unemployed 5

1.6% Mechanic 4

0.4% Housewife 1

21.2% Other 53

Urban / Rural

96.4% Rural 241

3.6% Urban 9

Abduction, Detention, & Torture

Prior detentions

58.8% Yes 147

41.2% No 103

Prior torture

47.2% Yes 118

11.6% No 29

Abduction preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

79.2% Yes 198

20.8% No 52

Security officials informed witnesses where they were taking the victim

19.4% Yes 30

82.6% No 128

Witnesses to abduction

62.0% Yes 155

5.2% No 13

Victim abduction location

19.6% Victim’s residence 49

14.0% Village fields 35

10.0% Roadside 25

7.6% Shop/market 19

5.6% Friend/relative's residence 14

3.6% Police station 9

2.4% Checkpoint (naka) 6

2.0% Bus station/stand 5

1.2% Village drain 3

6.4% Other 16

Detention facility type

Data forthcoming

Preceding detention location known

58.4% Yes 146

20.8% No 52

Witnesses to detention preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

Data forthcoming

Security official response to victim status

14.4% Gave no response 36

8.4% Other 21

6.8% Killed victim in an “encounter” 17

6.8% Told family to go to another police station 17

4.4% Denied involvement 11

3.2% Victim had escaped 8

2.0% Admitted extrajudicial execution with no explanation 5

1.2% Victim accidentally killed in custody 3

0.8% Victim killed by militants 2

0.4% Admitted custody only 1

0.4% Victim killed while trying to escape 1

0.4% Victim killed by Cats 1

Victim presented before judge/magistrate

5.2% Yes 13

68.8% No 172

Enforced Disappearances vs. Extrajudicial Executions

Classification

85.6% Extrajudicial executions 214

14.4% Enforced disappearances 36

Number of victims per family

86.0% 1 victim 215

8.8% 2 victim 22

3.6% 3 victim 9

1.6% 4 victim 4

Related incidents

2.0% Genuine encounters in family 5

97.6% No genuine encounters in family 244

Body Disposal

Security forces returned body

11.6% Yes 29

0.0% Yes, but forced immediate cremation 0

73.2% No 183

Body disposal by security forces

23.6% Cremated the body 59

1.2% Dumped body in canal or river 3

Condition of corpse, if known

8.0% Bullet wounds 20

3.6% Cuts/wounds 9

2.0% Missing hair from head or face 5

1.6% Broken bones 4

1.2% Bruises 3

0.8% Burn marks 2

0.8% Other 2

0.4% Missing fingernails 1

Security Forces Implicated

Names of involved security officials known

53.2% Yes 133

25.2% No 63

Security forces uniformed

87.1% Yes 135

10.3% No 16

Type(s) of security forces involved in abduction

75.2% Punjab Police 188

6.4% CRPF 16

2.0% BSF 5

2.0% Criminal Investigation Agency 5

2.0% Other 5

0.4% Army 1

0.4% Cat 1

Type(s) of security forces involved in extrajudicial execution

81.2% Punjab police 203

6.4% CRPF 16

4.0% BSF 10

1.6% Criminal Investigation Agency 4

1.6% Cat 4

1.2% Other 3

0.4% Army 1

Militancy Involvement

Militant status

42.0% Militant 105

56.4% Non-militant 141

Non-militant, provided support to militants

15.6% Yes 39

38.8% No 97

If provided support, support was voluntary

12.0% Yes 30

3.2% No 8

Remedies & Impact

Approached court or commission

18.0% Yes 45

81.2% No 203

Approached security officials

44.8% Yes 112

55.2% No 138

Reason the family did not pursue any kind of action

64.8% Afraid of retaliation 162

25.6% Didn’t know what to do 64

18.8% Couldn’t afford 47

13.6% Believed it would have been ineffective 34

2.4% Not applicable 6

Remedies desired from government

80.0% Truth commission 200

73.2% Monetary compensation to family 183

53.6% Employment 134

49.6% Investigations into abuses 124

32.0% Public acknowledgement of wrongful deaths 80

18.8% Rehabilitation services to family members 47

18.0% Desire nothing from government 45

16.4% Memorial for victims 41

2.0% Criminal sanctions against those responsible 5

0.8% Other 2

Year & District

District

100.0% Moga 250

Year

0.0% 1981 0

1.6% 1982 4

0.0% 1983 0

4.4% 1984 11

0.8% 1985 2

2.8% 1986 7

12.8% 1987 32

5.6% 1988 14

11.2% 1989 28

8.0% 1990 20

14.0% 1991 35

20.8% 1992 52

12.4% 1993 31

1.6% 1994 4

1.2% 1995 3

0.0% 1996 0

0.0% 1997 0

0.4% 1998 1

0.0% 1999 0

0.0% 2000 0

0.4% 2001 1

0.0% 2002 0

0.0% 2003 0

0.0% 2004 0

0.0% 2005 0

0.0% 2006 0

0.0% 2007 0

0.0% 2012 0

2.0% Year Unknown 5