Enforced Disappearances & Extrajudicial Executions in Ludhiana District

313 documented cases in Ludhiana District

Jagroan Subdistrict, 108 cases

Khanna Subdistrict, 6

Ludhiana East Subdistrict, 56

Ludhiana West Subdistrict, 42

Payal Subdistrict, 40

Raikot Subdistrict, 44

Samrala Subdistrict, 17

Key statistics for documented cases in Ludhiana District

Victim Demographics

Gender

98.4% Male 308

1.6% Female 5

Marital status

56.2% Not married 176

42.8% Married 134

If married, did the victim have children?

38.0% Yes 119

4.2% No 13

Total children surviving victims: 303

Religion

98.7% Sikh 309

1.3% Non-Sikh 4

Caste

66.8% Jat 209

32.3% Non-Jat 101

Age

4.5% 0-17 14

72.8% 18-33 228

16.9% 34-49 53

3.5% 50-64 11

0.6% 65+ 2

1.6% Age unknown 5

Education

15.0% No education 47

19.2% Primary school 60

17.9% Middle school 56

33.5% High school 105

2.6% Some college 8

5.4% College degree 17

2.6% Graduate degree 8

2.9% Vocational degree 9

Employment

34.2% Farmer/agriculture 107

14.4% Day labourer 45

12.5% Student 39

6.1% Shopkeeper 19

5.4% Driver (bus/truck/car) 17

4.5% Mechanic 14

2.6% Unemployed 8

1.3% Housewife 4

1.3% Carpenter 4

26.8% Other 84

Urban / Rural

90.7% Rural 284

9.3% Urban 29

Abduction, Detention, & Torture

Prior detentions

47.0% Yes 147

51.4% No 161

Prior torture

33.2% Yes 104

13.7% No 43

Abduction preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

79.6% Yes 249

16.3% No 51

Security officials informed witnesses where they were taking the victim

18.9% Yes 35

68.6% No 127

Witnesses to abduction

59.1% Yes 185

6.7% No 21

Victim abduction location

23.0% Victim’s residence 72

10.5% Roadside 33

6.1% Village fields 19

6.1% Shop/market 19

5.1% Friend/relative's residence 16

5.1% Police station 16

2.6% Bus station/stand 8

1.3% Checkpoint (naka) 4

1.0% Village drain 3

13.4% Other 42

Detention facility type

Data forthcoming

Preceding detention location known

51.4% Yes 161

26.8% No 84

Witnesses to detention preceding enforced disappearance/extrajudicial execution

Data forthcoming

Security official response to victim status

13.4% Gave no response 42

9.6% Other 30

7.3% Denied involvement 23

4.8% Told family to go to another police station 15

3.5% Killed victim in an “encounter” 11

2.9% Admitted extrajudicial execution with no explanation 9

2.2% Victim had escaped 7

1.6% Admitted custody only 5

0.3% Victim killed by militants 1

0.3% Victim accidentally killed in custody 1

Victim presented before judge/magistrate

1.9% Yes 6

68.7% No 215

Enforced Disappearances vs. Extrajudicial Executions

Classification

86.6% Extrajudicial executions 271

13.4% Enforced disappearances 42

Number of victims per family

83.1% 1 victim 260

16.3% 2 victim 51

0.6% 6 victim 2

Related incidents

0.6% Genuine encounters in family 2

98.4% No genuine encounters in family 308

Body Disposal

Security forces returned body

14.7% Yes 46

0.6% Yes, but forced immediate cremation 2

71.2% No 223

Body disposal by security forces

28.1% Cremated the body 88

2.2% Dumped body in canal or river 7

Condition of corpse, if known

7.7% Bullet wounds 24

4.2% Other 13

2.9% Cuts/wounds 9

2.9% Broken bones 9

2.6% Bruises 8

1.9% Burn marks 6

1.3% Missing fingernails 4

0.6% Missing hair from head or face 2

Security Forces Implicated

Names of involved security officials known

48.6% Yes 152

27.5% No 86

Security forces uniformed

88.1% Yes 163

13.5% No 25

Type(s) of security forces involved in abduction

73.5% Punjab Police 230

8.3% Criminal Investigation Agency 26

6.1% CRPF 19

1.3% Other 4

1.0% Cat 3

Type(s) of security forces involved in extrajudicial execution

78.0% Punjab police 244

10.5% Criminal Investigation Agency 33

4.5% CRPF 14

1.6% Other 5

1.3% Army 4

1.0% Cat 3

Militancy Involvement

Militant status

33.2% Militant 104

63.3% Non-militant 198

Non-militant, provided support to militants

11.5% Yes 36

47.6% No 149

If provided support, support was voluntary

7.3% Yes 23

4.2% No 13

Remedies & Impact

Approached court or commission

20.1% Yes 63

78.9% No 247

Approached security officials

38.7% Yes 121

60.1% No 188

Reason the family did not pursue any kind of action

62.6% Afraid of retaliation 196

14.1% Couldn’t afford 44

12.8% Didn’t know what to do 40

9.6% Believed it would have been ineffective 30

5.1% Not applicable 16

1.6% Other 5

Remedies desired from government

68.4% Truth commission 214

64.5% Monetary compensation to family 202

58.5% Employment 183

40.3% Criminal sanctions against those responsible 126

37.1% Investigations into abuses 116

30.4% Memorial for victims 95

26.8% Rehabilitation services to family members 84

15.3% Public acknowledgement of wrongful deaths 48

4.2% Desire nothing from government 13

3.8% Other 12

Year & District

District

100.0% Ludhiana 313

Year

0.0% 1981 0

0.3% 1982 1

1.9% 1983 6

2.6% 1984 8

0.3% 1985 1

1.3% 1986 4

2.2% 1987 7

3.8% 1988 12

7.0% 1989 22

3.5% 1990 11

14.1% 1991 44

29.4% 1992 92

20.1% 1993 63

2.2% 1994 7

1.0% 1995 3

1.0% 1996 3

0.3% 1997 1

0.0% 1998 0

0.0% 1999 0

0.0% 2000 0

0.0% 2001 0

0.0% 2002 0

0.0% 2003 0

0.0% 2004 0

0.3% 2005 1

0.0% 2006 0

0.0% 2007 0

0.0% 2012 0

8.6% Year Unknown 27